The median age of 293 recipients with known age was 15 years (range = 0–65 years) 87% were aged 11–20 years. Among 314 recipients whose sex was reported, 160 (51%) were male. Six reports described clusters of events five described administration of only the liquid MenCYW-135 component to a total of 21 recipients, and one described administration of only the lyophilized MenA component to two recipients. A total of 269 (66%) recipients received only the liquid MenCYW-135 component, and 138 recipients received only the lyophilized MenA component, reconstituted in sterile water, saline, a different liquid vaccine (hepatitis B vaccine in two cases, and diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine in one case), or an unspecified diluent. There were 390 reports of administration of only one component of Menveo to a total of 407 recipients. Additionally, to more broadly identify disproportional reporting of adverse events in general following Menveo immunization compared with other vaccines in VAERS (including errors in vaccine preparation and administration), the Food and Drug Administration performed data mining with empiric Bayesian methods ( 4). This question prompted CDC to search the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) database for reports during March 1, 2010–September 22, 2015, of only one component of Menveo being administered. Recently, an immunization provider administered only the lyophilized component of Menveo, subsequently administered a properly prepared dose of Menveo to the same patient, and asked CDC if this practice was safe. meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, and/or W-135) ( 3). Failure to prepare Menveo as directed by the manufacturer’s instructions can lead to lack of protection against the intended pathogens ( N. The resulting solution is administered by intramuscular injection. To administer the vaccine, the liquid component is drawn into a syringe, and used to reconstitute the lyophilized component. The MenA lyophilized (freeze-dried) component must be reconstituted with the MenCYW-135 liquid component ( Figure). Menveo is supplied in two vials that must be combined before administration. These recommendations have since been updated ( 2). Moreover, I am also regularly involved in the development of different national health related programs and its guidelines.Menveo (GlaxoSmithKline, previously Novartis AG) is a conjugate vaccine that was recommended in October 2010 for routine use in adolescents (preferably aged 11 or 12 years, with a booster at 16 years), and among persons aged 2 through 54 years with certain immunosuppressive conditions, to prevent invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135 ( 1).

I have successfully led and coordinated different projects involving multi-sector participation and engagement. I also hold immense experience in working closely and persistently with government organizations, non-government organizations, UN agencies, CSOs and other stakeholders at the national and sub-national level.

I have performed diverse roles ranging from lecturer in the public health department of colleges, nutrition coordinator, research coordinator and consultant, in different programs, projects and academic institutions of Nepal. I have gained profound experiences in public health sector under different thematic areas of health, nutrition, sexual and reproductive health, maternal and newborn health, research etc., targeting diverse audience of different age groups. Grant School of Public Health, Bangladesh. Hello and greetings everyone! I am Kusum Wagle, MPH, WHO-TDR Scholar, BRAC James P. Safe wastes emitted from the commercial, industrial and agriculture or economical use, considered harmless to use for further purpose. oils, chemicals, polluted water from ponds or rivers etc.īased on the effects of waste on human health and environment:ĭangerous substances emitted from the commercial, industrial and agriculture or economical use, which are unsafe to use for further purpose. There are different types of waste on the basis of different criteria: Basis

Different Sources and Types of Liquid Waste:.

There are different types of waste on the basis of different criteria:.

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